Assessment of Electromagnetic Field Radiation from Mobile Base Transceiver Stations in Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Electromagnetic waves, Mobile Phone, Base Stations, power density, radiation level.
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic radiation emanating from ten randomly selected GSM Mobile Base Transceiver Stations (MBTSs) antennas in different regions of Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Southwest, Nigeria, was assessed according to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. This was to determine the exposure level at these MBTS in relation to the specification in the guidelines. Measurements of the maximum Power Density of radio signals were taken for sites operating in GSM900–1800MHz and correlated with the ICNIRP specifications. The result indicated that the maximum exposure levels in all the MBTSs were well below the ICNIRP guidelines. The maximum power densities measured at different MBTS masts were found to be in the range of 0.0001188W/m² to 0.0217359W/m². These findings suggest that radiations emanating from the assessed base stations are in the safe range specified in the guidelines and as such they do not constitute health risk.
References
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Aminu, A. Danladi, A. Yahaya, H, and Zakariyya, H. (2014). Measurement of electromagnetic waves radiated from Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) for assessing exposure limit in Kaduna State. International Journal of Engineering and Science, 3(8):28-34.
Anglesio, L. Benedetto, A. Bonino, A. Colla, D. Martire, F. Fusette, S. and d’Amore, G. (2001). Population exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by radio base stations: evaluation of the urban background by using provisional model and instrumental measurements. Radiation Protection Docimetry, 97(4):355–357.
Baumann, J. Landstorfer, F. Geisbuch, L. and Georg R. (2006). Evaluation of radiation exposure by UMTS mobile phones. Electronics letters, 42(4):225–250.
Cooper, T. Mann, S. Khalid, M. and Blackwell, R. (2006). Public exposure to radio waves near GSM microcell and picocell base stations. Journal of radiological medicine, 26(2):199-211.
Elechi, P. Orike, S. and Agugharam, P. (2019). Analysis and evaluation of specific absorption rate of GSM signal in Port- Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 5(4):1-10.
EUR-OP (1999). Council recommendation of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). https://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/, Accessed December 6, 2019.
Gupta M. (2019). Specific Absorption Rate and temperature change evaluation of human body due to electromagnetic waves. International Journal of Electronics Engineering, 11(1):216-220.
Gye, M. and Park, C. (2012). Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on the reproductive system. Journal of clinical and experimental reproductive medicine, 39(1):1-9.
Henderson, S. and Bangay, M. (2006). Survey of RF exposure levels from mobile telephone base stations in Australia. Bioelectromagnetics, 27(1):73–76.
Ibrahim, U. Mohammed, M. Mustapha, I. Mundi, A. and Yahaya, I. (2019). Investigation of Radio-Frequency power density distribution around GSM mast in Keffi Town, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics,2(2):1-6.
ICNIRP (2009). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health physics, 74(4):594-522.
IEEE (2019). IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, 0 Hz to 300 GHz. IEEE Int. Committee on Electromagnetic Safety, 1–238.
Joseph, I. Viranjay. M. and Omashere, O. (2016). Spatial variation of the electromagnetic radiations due to exposure to telecommunication base station transmitters in a pilot region. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 11(22):10994-11001.
Kaur, J. and Khan S. Thermal changes in human abdomen exposed to microwaves: a model study. Journal of Advanced Electromagnetic, 8(3):64-75.
McIntosh, R. Anderson, V. and McKenzie, R. (2005). A numerical evaluation of SAR distribution and temperature changes around a metallic plate in the head of a RF exposed worker, Bioelectromagnetics, 26(5):377-388.
Miclaus, S. and Bechet, P. (2007). Estimated and measured values of the radio frequency radiation power density around cellular base stations. Journal of Physics, 52(3-4):429-440.
NCC (2009). The guidelines on technical specifications for the Installation of telecommunications masts and
tower. https://www.ncc.gov.ng/docman-main/legal-regulatory/guidelines/65-guidelines-for-the-installation-of-telecommunications-masts-and-towers-1/file. Accessed December 6, 2019.
NESREA (2004). National Environmental (Standards for Telecommunications and Broadcast Facilities) regulations.
http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig120569.pdf. Accessed December 6, 2019.
Ozen, S. Helhel, S. and Colak, O. (2007). Electromagnetic field measurements of radio transmitters in urban
area and exposure analysis. Microwave and optical technology letters, 49(7):1572–1574.
Sinik, V. Despotovic, Z. Ketin, S. and Marceta, U. (2019). Radiation of high frequency electromagnetic fields,
biological effects and health consequences. Paper presented at: IX International Conference Industrial
Engineering and Environmental Protection; October 3-4, 2019, Zrenjanin, Serbia.
Published
2020-09-30
How to Cite
Yussuff, A. I. O., & Adewole, A. O. (2020). Assessment of Electromagnetic Field Radiation from Mobile Base Transceiver Stations in Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering Research, 25(3), 42-51. Retrieved from http://jer.unilag.edu.ng/article/view/1106
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