EDITORIAL PREFACE
It is my pleasure to introduce to you, Volume 25 Number 3, September 2020 of the Journal of Engineering Research (JER). This edition publishes contributions on topics around the research works of Engineering and Biotechnology. It is published as a special collection of selected peer-reviewed articles from the Faculty of Engineering 2019 International Conference and regular articles as well. The contributions in this volume include works from Agricultural, Chemical, Electrical Electronics/Computer, Civil, Materials and Metallurgical, Systems Engineering, Surveying and Geoinformatics, and Biotechnology.
JER is a referred, peer-reviewed and quarterly published international Journal with focus on basic and applied researches in engineering and its related disciplines. It publishes contributions on concepts, state of the art, all aspects of research, standards, implementations, running experiments, and industrial case studies as well as significant advances in basic and applied engineering, engineering technology and management. The Journal also encourages the submission of critical review articles covering the latest advances in engineering and related fields as well as scientific commentaries.
The Journal has a very dedicated Editorial Board constituted of exceptional academics and practitioners. Journal of Engineering Research hereby invites authors from Nigeria and all over the world to submit original research papers for possible publication.
The manuscripts, which will be judged by qualified reviewers according to established criteria for technical merit, should represent completed original work embodying the results of extensive field, plant, laboratory or theoretical investigation, or new interpretations of existing problems.
Materials must be considered to have significant permanent value. In addition to technical acceptability, material should be presented clearly and concisely. Of importance is the description of the experimental procedures involved in the experiment (where applicable). It is very important that critical information about experimental conditions be included so that the work can be verified by other scientists and engineers.
More information about the JER guidelines for preparing and submitting papers may be obtained from: https://www.jer.unilag.edu. The journal will continue to deliver up-to-date research to a wide range of engineering, engineering science, engineering technology and engineering management. The JER will assure that rapid turnaround and publication of manuscripts will occur within two to four months after submission. It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for JER readers.

Thank you.

Prof Kolawole Aiyesimoju
The Editor-in-Chief
Journal of Engineering Research
Faculty of Engineering
University of Lagos Akoka Yaba Lagos
Nigeria.