Author Guidelines

1. INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

1.1 MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
The preparation of manuscript should be in English (United Kingdom), font size of 12, single line spacing, Calibri (not Times New Roman) with 2 cm top, 1.8 cm bottom, left and right margins 2.2 cm and 1.8 cm respectively. The manuscript should be concise, and must not exceed 20 pages of text, tables, and figures/illustrations. It must contain research results that have not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere All manuscripts undergo a similarity check with a limit of 25% similarity. Manuscript submitted for consideration to be published in the journal must follow the prescribed format, otherwise it will be returned to the Author(s) without undergoing any review process. The features/structure of the manuscript are as follows:

I. Title Page: Please ensure the title page contains the following information:
Title of Manuscript: The title should be concise and informative, and not a declarative sentence. It should not exceed 25 words. Each letter of word of the title should be in upper case and font size of 16 should be used.

Author Information
• Author(s) Name(s) (First name, initial of the middle name and surname in lower case except for the first letter) of all authors, with asterisk as superscript to designate the corresponding author; 
• The affiliation(s) of all author(s), i.e., department, institution, city, state, post code (if any), country;
• A clear indication and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author;
• If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the corresponding author.

II. Main Manuscript (Blinded)
Title of Manuscript: The title should be concise and informative, and not a declarative sentence. It should not exceed 25 words.
Abstract: The one-paragraph Abstract should consist of background (description of problem being addressed), methods (how the study was executed), results (what the data are), and conclusion (the author(s) findings). The Abstract should not exceed 250 words, and preferably without formulae. Equally, it should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.
Keywords: Provide five to six keywords in lower case, separated by a coma, and arranged alphabetically.
Body of Manuscript: When a number starts a sentence, such number should be written in words, e.g.,
Twenty nodes instead of 20 nodes.

Formulae and Equations should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals: Eq. 1, Eq. 2, etcetera in the text. The formulae and the number should be justified to the left and right respectively. All symbols must be defined in the text below the formulae at the first mention.

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.

Authors are advised to use the table function in MS word, not spreadsheets in MS EXCEL, to prepare Tables. All Figures/Tables are to be included in the manuscript, and are to be cited in the text in consecutive numerical order using Arabic numerals: Table 1, Table 2, etcetera, Figure 1, Figure 2, etcetera. Figure parts should be denoted by uppercase letters (A, B, C, etcetera). If an appendix appears in the manuscript and it contains one or more figures/tables, continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the appendix figures,"A1, A2, A3”, etcetera). Figure/Table captions should begin with Figure/Table, in bold type, followed by the figure/table number equally in bold type. Put semicolon after the number, then a space followed by the caption, and no punctuation to be placed at the end of the caption. Figure/Table caption should be in bold type, with the start of each word in uppercase letters.  Figure caption should be located below each figure to which it refers while Table caption is to be located above each table to which it refers. Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the figure/table caption.

Illustrations and Graphs should be presented in the manuscript with a very high resolution. Photographs should be on gloss.

The body of the manuscript should be divided into numbered sections and subsections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, . . . .), 1.2, etcetera in “Introduction” and follow this formatting for other sections. Equally, use this numbering for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to “the text”. Any subsection must be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its separate line.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Provide an adequate background, research problem definition, brief survey of relevant literature, state the objectives of the work, intention of the manuscript and impact of the study, avoiding a summary of the results. Briefs must be given for key concepts central to the manuscript.

2.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD (OR METHODOLOGY)
Provide sufficient detail to allow the experimental work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. Theoretical analysis should be presented in a clear and concise manner. A subsection could be numbered 2.1 as “Theory”, where the Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the manuscript already dealt with in the “Introduction” and lay the foundation for further work. Another subsection could be numbered 2.2 as “Calculation”, where the Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.

3.0 RESULTS
The results of the study should be clear and concise, and presented in table and graphical forms.

4.0 DISCUSSION
This should explore the significance of the results of the study in relationship with the objectives of the investigation, succinctly relate key findings to other published works and future trends of the research. A combined “RESULTS AND DISCUSSION” section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

5.0 CONCLUSION
The main conclusions of the study should highlight major accomplishments and key results of the study.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgments of people, grants, funds, amongst others, should be provided in the text. The names of funding organisations should be written in full. If there is no funding, simply state: “The authors received no specific funding for this work. Hence, the corresponding author confirms that there are no financial and personal relationships with other people or organisations that could inappropriately influence    study”. Author(s) can revise/customise the sample statements according to their needs.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS STATEMENT
Contributions such as Conceptualisation, Data collection, Formal analysis, Funding acquirement, Investigation, Methodology, Research supervision, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing original draft, Review & editing of initial write-up. These are encouraged to be specified for the author(s) of  the manuscript using initials of the first name, middle name(if any) and surname without a full stop in between them, e.g., OAO: Conceptualisation, Investigation, Methodology, Research supervision, Writing original draft. SOO: Data collection, Formal analysis, Software, Review & editing of initial write-up. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

DATA AVAILABILITY
Use this simple sentence: “Datasets generated or analysed during the current study will be made available
on request”.

STATEMENTS AND DECLARATIONS
The following statements should be included under the heading "Statements and Declarations" for inclusion in the published paper. Please note that submissions that do not include relevant declarations will be returned as incomplete.

ETHICAL
The following statement is suggested: “The current study did not include any human or animal subjects. Thus, this study is not subject to an ethics review committee and does not require any informed consent”. Authors can revise/customise the sample statements according to their needs.

COMPETING INTERESTS
Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication by using the statement: “The authors declare that they have no known competing financial or non-financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper”. Authors can revise/customise the sample statements according to their needs.

REFERENCES
List all references cited in the text in alphabetical order with full listing of authors using APA 6.0 format for different types of material in the REFERENCE section. Several articles by the same authors should be listed chronologically. If available, please always include DOIs as full DOI links in your reference list (e.g. “https://doi.org/abc”). The subsequent lines start from the six letters of the first line.
References should be cited parenthetically in the text by author(s) surname(s) followed by a coma and year of publication, in accordance with Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.) guidelines, e.g., Chemical kinetics is the study of time-dependent behaviour of chemically reacting systems (Olafadehan, 2025).
For citing manuscript written by two authors, it is (Olafadehan and Ojolo, 2025) after the sentence being credited to them. For more than two authors, it is (Olafadehan et al., 2025). References can equally be cited in the text by names of authors and year of publication, e.g., Olafadehan (2025) or Olafadehan and Ojolo (2025) or Adeosun et al. (2025) defined chemical kinetics as the study of time-dependent behaviour of chemically reacting systems. If more than one articles by the same author or team of authors were published in the same year and cited in the text of the manuscript, the letters “a”, “b”, “c” etcetera should follow the year, e.g., ...............(Olafadehan, 2025a; 2025b) or Adeosun et al. (2025a; 2025b) defined ............. while in the reference section, state all the names of all co-authors. The source (journal and proceedings) must be in italics. The approved standard journal names abbreviations in italics may be used. For example:

Journal:
Adeyemo, J. and Adedeji, M. A. (2005). Design of Fluidized-bed Gasifier. Int. J. Manufacturing Systems,
21: 37–41.

For various issues:
Olafadehan, O. A., Amoo, K. O., Oyedeko, K. F. K. and Adesina, A. J. (2024). Dynamic Studies of Binary Adsorption System in Fixed Beds using Orthogonal Collocation on Finite Element Method. International Journal of Applied & Computational Mathematics, 10(108):1–26.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-024-01688-7.

Book:
(Book style with paper title and editor)
Musa, B. (2016). Synthetic Structure of Industrial Plastics. In Plastics, 2nd ed. Vol.3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2016, 15–64.
Osagie, A. (2015). Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, 123–135.
Funmilade, A. (1999). Applied Thermodynmaics. John Wiley, London, 125–150.

APPENDICES
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etcetera. Formulae and equations in Appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A1), Eq. (A2), etcetera.
In the subsequent appendix, Eq. (B1), Eq. (B2), etcetera. The formulae and the number should be justified to the left and right respectively. Similarly, for Figures and Tables, specify accordingly as Figure A.1, Table A.1, etcetera.

1.2 MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION
Submission of a manuscript implies that (i) the manuscript has not been copyrighted; (ii) the manuscript’s content has not been published elsewhere; (iii) it is not under consideration for publication anywhere else at the time of submission to JER; and (iv) its publication has been approved by all co-authors, if any, as well as by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – at the institute where the work has been carried out. Prior publication is a basis for outright rejection. Appearance in a Conference Proceedings or similar special presentation with limited distribution is not necessarily prior publication.
In such cases, the article should be so referenced. Authors wishing to include figures, tables, or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright
owner(s) for both the print and online format and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers. Any material received without such evidence will be deemed to have originated from the authors. The publisher will not be held legally responsible, should there be any claims for compensation.
All submissions should be in English (United Kingdom). Manuscript must be submitted as a word document (including illustrations), typed in single line spacing, Calibri (not Times New Roman), with 2 cm top, 1.8 cm bottom, left and right margins 2.2 cm and 1.8 cm respectively. The manuscript should be concise, and must not exceed 20 pages (including all illustrations and Tables) using 12 font size. The automatic page numbering function should be used to number the pages. It must contain the features listed in Section 3.1, but not limited to those features.
Submission to this journal is totally online, and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading the manuscript. A “Cover Letter” must be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief stating clearly that:

(i) The manuscript has been professionally edited before submission.
(ii) All the authors of this manuscript concertedly agree that the manuscript should be submitted to
your journal.
(iii) All the authors declare that this work is original, carried out by them.
(iv) The manuscript is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere.
(v) State the novelty in the work.
The journal conducts blinded peer-review, which means that the author(s) remains anonymous to the reviewers throughout peer review. First, a separate Title page, designated as “Title Page”, containing title of manuscript, author names, affiliations, and the contact information of the corresponding author, must be uploaded. Second, a single manuscript file that contains the text of the manuscript, illustrations and Tables, amongst others, with no identification of author(s) information, is then uploaded. This is designated as the “Main Manuscript”. In the “Main Manuscript”, authors should avoid citing their own work in a way that could reveal their identities. The submission should contain high quality Figures. Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be uploaded separately. If the manuscript includes any videos, pictures and/or other supplementary material(s), please submit them in a separate file in the initial submission for peer review purposes. Please ensure you provide all relevant editable source items at every submission and revision. Failing to submit a complete set of editable source items will result in your article not being considered for review. For your manuscript text, please submit in word processing format: .docx.

To avoid unnecessary, grammatical and typographic errors, you are strongly advised to use the “Spelling and Grammar” function of the word processor.

1.3 EDITORIAL PROCEDURE
All manuscripts submitted for a possible consideration to be published in the journal will be subjected to similarity check and the allowable limit of the report should not be more than 25%, otherwise the manuscript will be rejected outright. Having passed the similarity report check, the manuscript, including symposium, will be adjudged by qualified reviewers according to the established criteria for technical merit. Any manuscript that is of insufficient interest to the journal’s specific field, or otherwise inappropriate, will be rejected without external review. This initial decision also saves authors time by allowing them to pursue publication in a more suitable journal outlet. Then, the review procedure commences in the editorial office as the Sectional Editor is assigned by the Editor-in-Chief or the Editor to handle the manuscript. The Sectional Editor appoints two independent reviewers for the manuscript and based on their comments and recommendations, recommends acceptance or rejection of the manuscript to the Editor-in-Chief or The Editor. The Editor-in-Chief, having had technical consultations with The Editor, then makes a final decision on the manuscript. If the authors were advised to revise their work, with either minor or major corrections, and resubmit, all technical issues and questions raised in the review must be resolved convincingly, with a prepared rebuttal accompanying the resubmission.
Having met all standards for publication in the journal, a manuscript can then be accepted for publication.

1.4 INFORMATION ON PUBLICATION CHARGES
The accepted manuscript will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting. To cover the significant expenses associated with publication, the journal charges Manuscript Processing Charge (MPC) of ten thousand naira only (N10,000:00) and ten US dollars only ($10:00) for national and foreign authors respectively, non-refundable, even if the manuscript was rejected, and Article Publication Charge  (APC) of sixty thousand naira only (N60,000:00) and fifty US dollars only ($50:00) for national and foreign authors respectively. These local and foreign charges are payable to the journal bank account, whose details are given thus:
Account Name: Faculty of Engineering Journal
Bank: United Bank for Africa (UBA)
Account Number: 1021779173

Once the Editor-in-Chief/The Editor confirms your payment into the journal’s bank account, you will receive the article’s galley proof for proof-reading. The design of the galley proof is to scrutinise typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Significant and plenteous changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, will not be permitted without the express approval of the Editor-in-Chief.

The article is published in both electronic and print versions. Please, note that artwork will be published in colour in the online version free of charge. If you wished to publish colour artwork in the print version, the cost per page where coloured artwork features for national and foreign authors is three thousand naira only (N3,000:00) and five US dollars only ($5:00) respectively, with colour, equally payable into the journal’s bank account. However, if an author had colour artwork and did not wish to publish in colour in the print version of the journal, he/she must notify the Editorial office, and must supply grayscale images of the colour figures. Extensive revision at the author’s option of text or figures in galley proof and also from reviewers entails extra charge of thirty thousand naira only (N30,000:00) and forty US dollars ($40:00) for national and foreign authors respectively.

COPYRIGHT
Journal of Engineering Research is subject to the Nigeria Copyright Law. Accordingly, the signed copyright transfer form must be received in the Editorial Office before the article can be processed for publication. This form, sent upon acceptance in the journal, must be signed by each author.

This copyright transfer formalises the author–publisher relations of professional societies and becomes effective when the manuscript is accepted for publication. If the article was not published in Journal of Engineering Research, the copyright transfer will not take effect. As the copyright owners for articles in Journal of Engineering Research, University of Lagos will continue to promote the widest dissemination of the technical information printed in this journal.