Removal of Escherichia coli and other Contaminants in Wastewater Using Intermittent Sand Filtration
Keywords:
Intermittent filtration, microbes, purification, sand, wastewater
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the purification capacity of sand filtration under laboratory setting for the
elimination of pathogenic bacteria, organic matter and suspended solids. The fate of Escherichia Coli (E. coli) load along the depth of the filter bed was also investigated using hydraulic loading rate of 0.185 m/day and synthetic wastewater of 172.3 mg/L of BOD5. Two columns of 50 and 100 cm filter depths were intermittently dosed for 14 weeks. Results show that the Intermittent sand filtration system (ISF) has high potential for removal of organic matter, suspended solids and oxidation of ammonium to nitrate-nitrogen. The average removal of BOD5 was above 85%. Other contaminants such as TSS, NH4-N and PO4-P showed an appreciable reduction, while NO3-N increased due to the absence of anaerobic condition. E. coli abatement was 99.999% and 99.9987% respectively in 100 and 50 cm columns depth respectively. E. coli concentration after the experiment shows continuous decline along the filter bed.
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length on the performance of lateral flow sand filters for on-site wastewater treatment. Journal of
Hydrologic Engineering 16(8): 639-649
Water, Air and Soil Pollution 75, 141-158.
Achak M, Mandi L, Ouazzani N, (2009). Removal of organic pollutants and nutrients from olive wastewater by a
sand filter. Journal of Environmental Management 90: 2771-2779.
Amador, J.A.; Potts, D.A.; Paternaude, E.L.; and Gorres, J.H. (2008). Effects of sand depth on domestic wastewater
renovation in intermittently aerated leachedfieldmesocosms. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE
2008; 13(8):729-734.
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st ed.), am. Public Health Assoc.,
Washington, D. C. 2005.
Bali, M.; Gueddari, M.; andBoukchina, R.(2011). Removal of contaminants and pathogens from secondary
effluents using intermittent sand filter. Water Science and Technology, 64(10), 2038-2043
Bancole, A.; Bissaud, F.; and Gnagne, T. (2003). Oxidation processes and clogging in intermittent unsaturated
infiltration are convection and molecular diffusion. Water Science and Technology 48(11-12), 139-146.
Brissaud, F.; Lefevre, F.; Joseph, C.; Alamy, Z.; and Landreau, A. (1989). Wastewater, Infiltration Percolation for
Aquifer Recharge or Water Reuse. Groundwater Management: Quantity and Quality. IAHS 188,
Wallingford, UK.
Burke, P.; and Rodgers, M. (2010). The use of laboratory sand, soil and crush-glass filter columns for polishing
domestic-strength synthetic wastewater that has undergone secondary treatment. Journal of
Environmental Science Heal A, 45, 1635-1641
Darby, J.; Tchobanoglous, G.; and Nor, M.A. (1996). Shallow intermittent sand filtration: performance evaluation.
Small Flows Journal, 2(1): 3-14.
Hamoda, M.F.; Al-Ghusain, I.; and Al-Al-Jasem, D.M. (2004). Application of granular media filtration in wastewater
reclamation and reuse. Journal of Environmental Science Heal A, 39(2): 385-395
Hu, H.Y.; Cheng, Y.; and Lin, J. (2007). On-site treatment of septic tank effluent by using a soil adsorption system.
Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management 11(3):197-206.
Limin, M.; Xiaojing, S.; Xiaochao, L.; and Chengying, C. (2009). Biological nitrogen removal by nitrificationdenitrification in constructed rapid filtration land system to treat municipal wastewater. Journal of Food
Agriculture and Environment 7(3-4):795-798
Loomis, G.; and Dow, D. (1999). Guidelines for the design and use of sand filters in critical resources areas. Rhode
Island Department of Environmental Management, New York.
Metcalf and Eddy (2003). Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal and reuse. (4th ed.) Revised.
Tchobanoglous, 60; Burton, F.L., McGraw-Hill, London; New York.
Rodger, M.; Walsh, G.; and Healy, M.G. (2011). Different depth intermittent sand filters for laboratory treatment
of synthetic wastewater with concentrations close to measured septic tank effluent. Journal of
Environmental Science. Heal A. 46, 80-85
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1980). Design Manual – Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
Systems. Office of Water Program Operations, Office of Research and Development. Municipal
Environmental Research Laboratory.
Wilson, J.; Boutilier, L.; Jamieson, R.; Havard, P.; and Craig, C. (2011). Effects of hydraulic loading rate and filter
length on the performance of lateral flow sand filters for on-site wastewater treatment. Journal of
Hydrologic Engineering 16(8): 639-649
Published
2018-06-22
How to Cite
Sodamade, G. A., Longe, E., Sangodoyin, A., & Aiyesimoju, K. (2018). Removal of Escherichia coli and other Contaminants in Wastewater Using Intermittent Sand Filtration. Journal of Engineering Research, 23(1), 83-89. Retrieved from http://jer.unilag.edu.ng/article/view/971
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