Copper (II) ion removal from synthetic wastewater using chitosan-impregnated coconut shell adsorbent: optimization, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Keywords:
Optimization, Adsorption, Isotherm, kinetics, Environmental protection
Abstract
A chitosan-impregnated coconut shell adsorbent composite was prepared for copper (II) ions adsorption from synthetic wastewater. Optimization and characterization of the prepared composite adsorbent was conducted along with the kinetics and thermodynamics experiments. Optimization investigation was achieved using Box-Behnken-based response surface methodology. The highest adsorption factors was obtained, yielding a copper removal efficiency of 76.82% at pH of 6, shaking speed of 150 rpm and initial concentration of 150 mg/g. Maximum Cu2+ ion adsorption capacity of 53.49 mg/L was obtained. The experimental data for chitosan-impregnated coconut shell adsorbent composite was analyzed using the kinetic and equilibrium adsorption isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fit the experimental data, which suggests a highly energetic heterogeneous surface, with an R2 of 0.9993. Pseudo-second order explicitly represents the kinetic data with R2 range of 0.9989 to 0.9998, indicating a strong correlation between the actual and calculated values. In conclusion, the thermodynamic parameters change in Gibbs’s free energy (∆G), change in enthalpy (∆H), and change in entropy (∆S) indicates copper ion adsorption onto chitosan-impregnated coconut shell adsorbent composite was endothermic and spontaneous. These results suggest that chitosan-impregnated coconut shell adsorbent composite is an excellent adsorbent for removing copper ions from wastewater.
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Xue, J, Cui Q, Bai Y., Wu Y., Gao Y., Li L., & Qiao, N. (2016). Optimization of adsorption conditions for the removal of petroleum compounds from marine environment using modified activated carbon fiber by response surface methodology. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 35(5), 1400-1406.
Acharya, J., Sahu, J. N., Mohanty, C. R., & Meikap, B. C. (2009). Removal of lead (II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood by zinc chloride activation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 149(1-3), 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.10.029
Bouhamed, F., Elouear, Z., & Bouzid, J. (2012). Adsorptive removal of copper (II) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from Tunisian date stones: Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 43, 741–749.
Darweesh, M.A., Elgendy, M.Y., Ayad, M.I., Ahmed, A.M., Elsayed, N. M. K., & Hammad, W.A. (2022). Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and optimization studies for copper (II) removal from aqueous solutions by banana leaves and derived activated carbon. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 40, 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.01.002
Demiral, H., & Gungor, C. (2016). Adsorption of copper (II) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from grape bagasse. Journal of Cleaner Production. 124 (15), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.084
Ganji, H., & Taghavijeloudar, M. (2024). Efficient adsorption of lead and copper from water by modification of sand filter with a green plant-based adsorbent: Adsorption kinetics and regeneration. Environmental Research. 259, 15, 119529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2024.119529
Hafez, O. A., Mohamed, R. R., Kana, T. H. A., Mohamed, E. A., & Negm, N. A. (2022). Treatment of industrial wastewater containing copper and lead ions using new carboxymethyl chitosan-activated carbon derivatives. Egypt. J. Chem. 65 (2), 123 - 132. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2021.82163.4050
Liu, J., Yang, X., Liu, H., Cheng, W., & Bao, Y. (2020) Modification of calcium-rich biochar by loading Si/Mn binary oxide after NaOH activation and its adsorption mechanisms for removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solution. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 601, 124960. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1016/J. COLSU RFA. 2020. 124960
Myers, R. H., Montgomery, D. C., & Anderson-Cook, C. M. (2016). Response surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments (4th Ed.)
Oladipo, B., Govender-Opitz, E., & Ojumu., T. V. (2021). Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Mechanism of Cu (II) Ion Sorption by Biogenic Iron Precipitate: Using the Lens of Wastewater Treatment to Diagnose a Typical Biohydrometallurgical Problem. ACS Omega. 6 (42). 27984−27993. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03855
Oribayo, O., Olalekan, A. P., Owolabi, R. U., Olaleye, O. O., & Onyekaba, O. A., (2020). Adsorption of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution using rice husk–based activated carbon: optimization, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Environ Qual Manage. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.21704
Oribayo, O., Feng, X., Rempel, G. L., & Pan, Q. (2017). Synthesis of Lignin-based polyurethane/graphene oxide foam and its application as an absorbent for oil spill clean-ups and recovery. Chem Eng J. 323, 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.04.054
Ricciotti, L., Roviello, G., Tarallo, O., Borbone, F., Ferone, C., Colangelo, F., Catauro, M., & Cioffi, R. (2013). Synthesis and characterizations of melamine-based epoxy resins. Int.J.Mol.Sci., 14, 18200 -18214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140918200
Saadi. B. M., Naeem, Y. A., Alhameedi, D.Y., Hussein, T. K., Idan, A. H., & Dawood, I. I. (2024). Conversion of Waste Corn Cob to Highly Green Surface Activated Carbon: Removal and Adsorptive of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution. Asian Journal of Green Chemistry, 8(6), 710-721. https://doi.org/10.48309/AJGC.2024.473357.1544
Seleman, M., Sime, T., Ayele, B., Sergawie, A., Nkambule, T., & Fito, J. (2023). Isotherms and Kinetic Studies of Copper Removal from Textile Wastewater and Aqueous Solution Using Powdered Banana Peel Waste as an Adsorbent in Batch Adsorption Systems. International Journal of Biomaterials. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2012069
Shah, B. A., Mistry, C. B., & Shah, A.V. (2013). Sequestration of Cu (II) and Ni (II) from wastewater by synthesized zeolitic materials: Equilibrium, kinetics and column dynamics. Chemical Engineering Journal. 220, 172-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.01.056
Tegin, I, Oc, S., Saka, C. (2023). Adsorption of copper (II) from aqueous solutions using adsorbent obtained with sodium hydroxide activation of biochar prepared by microwave pyrolysis. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05477-6
Vaiopoulou, E., & Gikas, P. (2012), Effects of chromium on activated sludge and the performance of wastewater treatment plants: A review, Water Res. 46, 549-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.024
Wang, J., & Chen, C. (2009). Biosorbents for heavy metal removal and their future. Biotechnology Advances, 27(2), 195-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.11.002
Xue, J, Cui Q, Bai Y., Wu Y., Gao Y., Li L., & Qiao, N. (2016). Optimization of adsorption conditions for the removal of petroleum compounds from marine environment using modified activated carbon fiber by response surface methodology. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 35(5), 1400-1406.
Published
2025-03-18
How to Cite
engineering, J., & Oribayo, O. (2025). Copper (II) ion removal from synthetic wastewater using chitosan-impregnated coconut shell adsorbent: optimization, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies. Journal of Engineering Research, 29(4), 52-67. Retrieved from http://jer.unilag.edu.ng/article/view/2422
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