Application of Particle Swarm Optimization based Fuzzy AHP for Evaluating and Selecting Suitable Flood Management Reservoir Locations in Adamawa Catchment, Nigeria
Keywords:
Adamawa catchment, Flood management, reservoirs site suitability, Particle Swarm Optimization, Weighted Linear Combination
Abstract
Seasonal flooding arising from current climate changes is a major problem in Adamawa catchment. Flood
management reservoirs is a useful tool to catch flood, prevent jump, reduce congestion of runoff in the plains, and
implement a long-time solution to the existing flood threats. This study applies Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
based Fuzzy AHP to model flood reservoir site selection in Adamawa catchment located in the Upper Benue River
Basin of Nigeria. Nine essential criteria and constraint were identified based on literature, and evaluation by experts.
Weighted Linear Combination algorithm was modified and used to aggregate information from the factors and
constraint. Pairwise Comparison Matrix (PCM) was obtained and weights for each of the PCM were determined
using a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) based PSO algorithm. MATLAB software was used to implement
the PSO algorithim to derive the weights in the PCM. Consistency of generated weights obtained is not above
0.00213. The method resulted to a reservoir sites suitability map. Analysis of the proposed best reservoirs shows
that, the maximum height of reservoirs corresponding to cross section of reservoir locations varies from 3m to 11m;
width of reservoir varies from 140m to 680m; the maximum storage capacity varies from 66,768 m3 to 4,242,975m3;
maximum surface area of the reservoir varies from 11,602m2 to 955,871m2. Field verification was conducted and
most of the identified sites correspond with field based studies. Potential impacts of the candidate sites were
identified and baseline survey data obtained in the field were engaged to establish the present state of the
environment, taking into account changes resulting from natural events and from other human activities before
arriving at top ranking sites. This present study has provided solution to the flood problem in Adamawa catchment
through selection of suitable location for siting flood mitigation reservoirs.
References
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Dilley, M., Chen, R. S., Deichmann, U., Lerner-Lam, A. L., & Arnold, M. (2005). Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global
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Mikhailov, L. (2003). Deriving priorities from fuzzy pairwise comparison judgments. Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 134 (2),
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Mobarakabadi, M.K. (2012). Model for Determination the Optimum Location of Subsurface Dam Using Analytical
Hierarchy Process, AHP. Advances in Environmental Biology. 6 (3), 1292-1297.
Modarres, M., Sadi-Nezhad, S., & Arabi, F. (2010). Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process using preference ration: A case
study for selecting management short course in a business school. International. Journal of Industrial.
Engineering and Computation. 1 (2), 173-184.
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dam construction by using decision support system. Second Conference of Water Resources Management,
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NFDP-II (2003). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Second National FADAMA Development.
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PCU-Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Nwilo, P. C., Olayinka, D. N., & Adzandeh, E. A. (2012). Flood Modelling and Vulnerability Assessment of Settlements
in the Adamawa State Floodplain using GIS and Cellular Framework Approach. Global Journal of Human
Social Science. 12 (3), Version 1.0, 11-20.
Putra, M. S. D., Fauziah, S. A., & Gunaryati, A. (2018). “Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Method to Determine the
Quality of Gemstones,” Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2018, 1-6.
Raza, S. H., Shafique, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Sikandar, A., Ahmad, N., & Shah, K. (2018). Site selection of water
storage based on multi-criteria decision analysis. International Journal Human Capital Urban Management.
(4), 265-278.
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw Hill, New York.
Shahabi, H., Amiri, M., Ahmad, B., & Keihanfard, S. (2016). Assessment of WLC and Fuzzy Logic methods for site
selection of water reservoirs in Malaysia. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 25 (3), 1-6.
Shi, Y. (2004). Particle swarm optimization. IEEE Neural Networks Society, 8–13.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Service Center.
Shi, Y., & Eberhart, R. C. (1998). A modified particle swarm optimizer. In Proceedings of the IEEE international
conference on evolutionary computation (pp. 69–73). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press.
Tsiko, R. G., & Haile, T. S. (2011). Integrating Geographical Information Systems, Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy
Process in Modelling Optimum Sites for Locating Water Reservoirs. A Case Study of the Debub District in
Eritrea. Water. 3 (1), 254-290.
UN-ISDR, (2009). Reducing Disaster Risks through Science: Issues and Actions. The Full Report of the UNInternational Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) Scientific and Technical Committee. Publisher: UNISDR
Secretariat, International Environment House II, Geneva, Switzerland.
Voogd, H. (1983). Multicriteria evaluation for urban and regional planning. 207, London: Pion.
Xinyi, D., (2016). Dam site selection using an integrated method of AHP and GIS for decision making support in
Bortala, Northwest China. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Yue, S., Qian, X., Qizhi, C., & Hongjun, F. (2017). A Multi-Dam System Design for Zambezi River. SIAM. 11/S01668
(65448), 285-305.
Zimmermann, H. J. (2010). Fuzzy set theory. Advanced Review. 2 (3), 317-332
Information System to Control Flood Events in Tabuk City. Hydrology Current Research. 6 (1-1000189), 1-
13.
Adinarayana, J., Rama, N. & Gopal-Rao, K. (1995). An integrated approach for prioritization of watersheds’, Journal
of Environmental. Management. 44 (4), 375–384.
Alaibakhsh, M., Azizi, S. H., & Kheirkhah-Zarkesh, M. M. (2013). Water resource management with a combination of
underground dam/qanat and site selection of suitable sites using GIS. Water Science and Technology:
Water Supply. 13 (3), 606-614.
Atila, G., (2006). Multi-criteria analysis for locating new urban forests: An example from Isparta, Turkey. Urban
Forestry & Urban Greening, 5, 57-71.
Baban, S. M. J., & Wan-Yusof, K. (2003). Modelling optimum sites for locating reservoirs in tropical environments.
Water Resource Management. 17 (1), 1-17.
Canning, C., Owen, R., & Wendorf, C. (2003). Considering the Description of Environment (Including Baselines) in EIA:
A Guide for Novice Reviewers. Unpublished manuscript prepared for the class ENVI5001: Environmental
Impact Assessment. Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.
Chang, D. Y. (1996). Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP. European Journal of Operational
Research. 95 (3), 649-65.
Clerc, M., & Kennedy, J. (2002). The particle swarm: Explosion, stability and convergence in a multi-dimensional
complex space. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 6 (1), 58–73.
Dilley, M., Chen, R. S., Deichmann, U., Lerner-Lam, A. L., & Arnold, M. (2005). Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global
Risk Analysis. The World Bank, US, 150 pp.
Eberhart, R. C., & Shi, Y. (2000). Comparing inertia weights and constriction factors in particle swarm optimization.
In Proceedings of the IEEE congress evolutionary computation, San Diego, CA (pp. 84–88).
Forzieri, G., Gardenti, M., Caparrini, F., & Castelli, F. (2008). A methodology for the pre-selection of suitable sites for
surface and underground small dams in arid areas: A case study in the region of Kidal, Mali. Physics and
Chemistry of the Earth, 33, 74–85.
Gismalla, Y. A., & Bruen, M. (1996). Use of GIS in Reconnaissance Studies for Small-scale Hydropower Development
in a Developing Country: A Case Study from Tanzania’, in K. Kovar and H. P. Nachtnebel (eds), HydroGIS
’96: Application of Geographic Information Systems in Hydrology and Water Resources Management,
Proceedings of the Vienna Conference, IAHS Publication Number - 235, 307–312.
Glasson, J., Therivel, R., & Chadwick, A. (1994). Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment: Principles and
Procedures, Process, Practice and Prospects. 2nd Edition. London, UK: UCL Press. (ISBN: 1-857-28118-7).
Hamid-Mosaku, A. I. (2014). Intelligent Geospatial Decision Support System for Malaysian Marine Geospatial Data
Infrastructure (Unpublished Doctoral (PhD) Dissertation). Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru,
Johor, Malaysia.
Hopkins, L. D. (1977). Methods for generating land suitability maps: a comparative evaluation. Journal of the
American Institute of Planners. 43 (4), 386-400.
Huq, S., Kovats, S., Reid, H. & Satterthwaitte, D. (2007). Editorial: “Reducing Risks to Cities from Disasters and
Climate Change”, Environment and Urbanization. 19 (1), 3-15.
Iftikhar, S., Hassan, Z., & Shabbir, R. (2016). Site suitability analysis for small multipurpose dams using geospatial
technologies. J. of Remote Sensing & GIS. 5 (2), 1-13.
Jamala, G. Y., & Oke, D. O. (2013). Soil Profile characteristics as affected by Land use system in the Southeastern
Adamawa State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 6 (4), 4-11.
Janssen, R., Rietveld, P. (1990). Multicriteria analysis and geographical information systems: an application to
agricultural land use in the Netherlands. In: Scholten H.J., Stillwell J.C.H. (eds) Geographical Information
Systems for Urban and Regional Planning. The GeoJournal Library, 17, 129-139.
Javanbarg, M., Scawthorn, C., Kiyono, J., & Shahbodaghkhan, B. (2012). Fuzzy AHP-based multicriteria decision
making systems using particle swarm optimization. Expert systems with application. 39 (12), 960-966.
Kennedy, J., & Eberhart, R. C. (1995). Particle swarm optimization. In Proceedings of the IEEE international
conference on neural networks, Piscataway, NJ pp. 1942–1948.
Lai, C., Chen, X., Chen, X., Wang, Z., Wu, X., & Zhao, S. (2015). A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for flood
risk based on the combination weight of game theory. Natural Hazards. 77 (2), 1243–1259.
Liebe, J., Van De Giesen, N., & Andreini, M. (2005). Estimation of small reservoir storage capacities in a semi-arid
environment: A case study in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts
A/B/C. 30 (6-7), 448-454.
Mahmouei, A. R., Shakib, S. H., & Shojarastegari, H. (2017). Environmental impact assessment of reservoir dams
(Case study: The Syahoo Reservoir dam and its irrigation and drainage systems in Sarbiche county). Indian
Journal of Science and Technology. 10 (24), 1-9.
Mikhailov, L. (2003). Deriving priorities from fuzzy pairwise comparison judgments. Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 134 (2),
365–385.
Mobarakabadi, M.K. (2012). Model for Determination the Optimum Location of Subsurface Dam Using Analytical
Hierarchy Process, AHP. Advances in Environmental Biology. 6 (3), 1292-1297.
Modarres, M., Sadi-Nezhad, S., & Arabi, F. (2010). Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process using preference ration: A case
study for selecting management short course in a business school. International. Journal of Industrial.
Engineering and Computation. 1 (2), 173-184.
Naseri, H. R., Salami, H., Davodi, M. H., & Kheirkhah Zarkesh, M.M. (2006). Selection suitable location of subsurface
dam construction by using decision support system. Second Conference of Water Resources Management,
Esfehan University of Technology, pp: 1939-1947.
Negnetivisky, M. (2005). Artificial Intelligence: A Guide to Intelligent Systems (2nd ed.): Pearson, Great Britain.
NFDP-II (2003). Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of the Second National FADAMA Development.
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Project Coordination Unit. E776 (1), 2728-2829.
PCU-Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
Nwilo, P. C., Olayinka, D. N., & Adzandeh, E. A. (2012). Flood Modelling and Vulnerability Assessment of Settlements
in the Adamawa State Floodplain using GIS and Cellular Framework Approach. Global Journal of Human
Social Science. 12 (3), Version 1.0, 11-20.
Putra, M. S. D., Fauziah, S. A., & Gunaryati, A. (2018). “Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process Method to Determine the
Quality of Gemstones,” Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2018, 1-6.
Raza, S. H., Shafique, M., Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Sikandar, A., Ahmad, N., & Shah, K. (2018). Site selection of water
storage based on multi-criteria decision analysis. International Journal Human Capital Urban Management.
(4), 265-278.
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytical Hierarchy Process. McGraw Hill, New York.
Shahabi, H., Amiri, M., Ahmad, B., & Keihanfard, S. (2016). Assessment of WLC and Fuzzy Logic methods for site
selection of water reservoirs in Malaysia. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 25 (3), 1-6.
Shi, Y. (2004). Particle swarm optimization. IEEE Neural Networks Society, 8–13.Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Service Center.
Shi, Y., & Eberhart, R. C. (1998). A modified particle swarm optimizer. In Proceedings of the IEEE international
conference on evolutionary computation (pp. 69–73). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press.
Tsiko, R. G., & Haile, T. S. (2011). Integrating Geographical Information Systems, Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy
Process in Modelling Optimum Sites for Locating Water Reservoirs. A Case Study of the Debub District in
Eritrea. Water. 3 (1), 254-290.
UN-ISDR, (2009). Reducing Disaster Risks through Science: Issues and Actions. The Full Report of the UNInternational Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) Scientific and Technical Committee. Publisher: UNISDR
Secretariat, International Environment House II, Geneva, Switzerland.
Voogd, H. (1983). Multicriteria evaluation for urban and regional planning. 207, London: Pion.
Xinyi, D., (2016). Dam site selection using an integrated method of AHP and GIS for decision making support in
Bortala, Northwest China. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Yue, S., Qian, X., Qizhi, C., & Hongjun, F. (2017). A Multi-Dam System Design for Zambezi River. SIAM. 11/S01668
(65448), 285-305.
Zimmermann, H. J. (2010). Fuzzy set theory. Advanced Review. 2 (3), 317-332
Published
2020-03-30
How to Cite
Adzandeh, A., Nwilo, P., & Olayinka, D. (2020). Application of Particle Swarm Optimization based Fuzzy AHP for Evaluating and Selecting Suitable Flood Management Reservoir Locations in Adamawa Catchment, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering Research, 25(1), 99-120. Retrieved from http://jer.unilag.edu.ng/article/view/991
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